Its causes are infection, injury, allergic reaction, nose picking, or an object being pushed into the nostril.
Spontaneous ( little area bleeding )
Trauma

Tumour
Vessel defect etc..

Few more causes
Local trauma
Anatomical irregularities
Topical nasal spray

Symptoms
High Bp

Vascular malfunction cardiovascular diseases

Bleeding disorder

It’s to be taken care and it’s a sign of emergency if

1. Mode of Onset
2. Duration and frequency of bleeding
3. Amount of blood loss
4. Whether bleeding is an Anterior & posterior
5. Any known Bleeding tendency in the patient or Family history
6. Side of Nose from where bleeding is occurring
7. History of known Medical ailments like BP, Leukemia, Mitral valve disease, Cirrhosis, Nephrite
8. History or drug intake

Measures to stop the bleeding

1. Sit upright and lean head slightly forward
2. Breathe through your mouth
3. Use your thumb and index finger to pinch the soft part of your Nose
4. Apply an ice pack to the bridge of your Nose

Consult your doctor immediately if you cannot stop the bleeding and it lasts more than 15 Minutes.

DR. J. PRAVEEN KUMAR., MBBS, MS(ENT), FAGE, FACI (ALLERGIST)

FELLOWSHIP IN RHINOPLASTY

Prostate cancer that’s detected early, has the best chance for successful treatment.

When should I seek medical help?

You should call your healthcare provider if you experience:

• Difficulty peeing.
• Peeing frequently (incontinence).
• Pain when you pee or have intercourse.
• Blood in your pee or semen.
• Loss of hunger
• Loss of weight
• Bone pain
• Pain in the lower back, upper thigh or hips
• Emotional stress

What are the risk factors for prostate cancer?
The most common risk factors include:
Age. Your risk increases as you get older. You’re more likely to get diagnosed if you’re over 50. About 60% of prostate cancers occur in people older than 65.
Family history of prostate cancer. You’re two to three times more likely to get prostate cancer if a close family member has it.
Genetics. You’re at greater risk if you have Lynch syndrome or if you inherited mutated (changed) genes associated with increased breast cancer risk (BRCA1 and BRCA2).
Some studies have identified other prostate cancer risk factors, but the evidence is mixed. Other potential risk factors include:
Smoking.
Prostatitis.
Having a BMI > 30 (having obesity).
Sexually transmitted infections (STIs). You’re also at greater risk of prostate cancer at the age 45.

How can I prevent prostate cancer?

Preventing prostate cancer isn’t possible. Still, taking these steps may reduce your risk:

• Get regular prostate screenings. Ask your healthcare provider how often you should get screened based on your risk factors. Talk to your doctor about the increased risk of prostate cancer.
• Maintain a healthy weight. Ask your provider what a healthy weight means for you.
• Exercise regularly. The CDC recommends 150 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise each week, or a little more than 20 minutes daily.
• Eat a nutritious diet. There’s no one diet to prevent cancer, but good eating habits can improve your overall health. Eat fruits, vegetables and whole grains. Avoid red meats and processed foods.
• Quit smoking. Avoid tobacco products. If you smoke, work with your provider on a smoking cessation program to kick the habit.

Is prostate cancer curable?

Yes, if it’s caught early. In some cases, cancer grows so slowly that you may not need treatment right away. Treatment can often eliminate prostate cancers that haven’t spread beyond the prostate gland.

What are the treatment options?

• If the cancer is confirmed to the prostate gland, surgical removal of the prostate gland provides the best possible cure.
• If the cancer has spread beyond the prostate into the nearby areas, Radiotherapy can still cure it.
• If the cancer has spread to distant sites like Bone, Lungs, Lymph nodes, you will require hormonal control in the form of Injectable therapy or surgical removal of testes. Though it doesn’t properly cure, it will control the diseases to provide you a healthy lifestyle.

DR. VIGNESH M, MBBS., MS., MCH

UROLOGY

!!!  Remember, practice makes perfect. Before discharge, make sure you — and your partner — are comfortable with these newborn care basics:

Handling a newborn, including supporting your baby’s neck

Changing your baby’s diaper

Bathing your baby

Dressing your baby

Swaddling your baby

Feeding and burping your baby

Cleaning the umbilical cord

Caring for a healing circumcision

Using a bulb syringe to clear your baby’s nasal passages

Taking a newborn’s temperature

Tips for soothing your baby

A Mother’s helper

How Do I Get Help After My Baby Comes Home?

An important part of caring for a newborn is to also take care of yourself. Consider getting help during this time, which can feel hectic and a bit overwhelming.

Ask For NICU Support Care And Their Guidance

Relatives and friends might want to help. Even if you disagree on some things, their own experiences might be helpful.

To keep your baby healthy, anyone handling your little one should be up to date on their vaccines and help only if they feel well. But if you don’t feel up to having guests or have other concerns, don’t feel guilty about limiting visitors.

COUNSELLING ON NUTRITION

• Advise the woman to eat a greater amount and variety of healthy foods, such as meat, fish, oils, nuts, seeds, cereals, beans, vegetables, cheese and milk to help her feel strong and well (give examples of how much to eat).
• Reassure the mother that she can eat any normal foods – these will not harm the breastfeeding baby.
• Discuss any taboos that exist about foods which are nutritionally healthy.
• Talk to her partner or other family members to encourage them to ensure that the woman eats enough and avoids hard physical work.

SHE SHOULD NOT WAIT if she has any of the following danger signs:

• vaginal bleeding has increased
• fits
• fast or difficult breathing
• fever and too weak to get out of bed
• severe headaches with blurred vision
• calf pain, redness or swelling; shortness of breath or chest pain.

Rush to health centers if she has any of the following signs:

• swollen, red or tender breasts or nipples
• problems urinating, or leaking
• increased pain or infection in the perineum
• infection in the area of the wound (redness, swelling, pain, or pus in wound site)
• smelly vaginal discharge
• severe depression or suicidal behaviour (ideas, plan or attempt)

ENCOURAGE WOMEN TO DO THINGS FOR THEMSELVES THAT THEY ENJOY SUCH AS

• meeting a friend
• getting out of the home or walking, or things which help them to let their feelings out
• singing, drawing or writing
• spiritual relief through prayer
• meditation

Support the woman in whatever way you can. This may include a home visit and/or extra postpartum appointments. Encourage her partner and family to support her practically and emotionally.

Newborn baby care

How Do I Handle My Baby?

If you haven’t spent a lot of time around newborns, they may seem very fragile. Here are a few basics to remember:

• Wash your hands (or use a hand sanitizer) before handling your baby. Newborns don’t have a strong immune system yet, so they’re at risk for infections. Make sure that everyone who handles your baby has clean hands.
• Support your baby’s head and neck. Cradle the head when carrying your baby. And support the head when carrying the baby upright or when you lay your baby down.
• Never shake your baby, whether in play or in frustration. Shaking can cause bleeding in the brain and sometimes death. If you need to wake your baby, don’t do it by shaking. Instead, tickle your baby’s feet or blow gently on a cheek.
• Always fasten your baby securely when using a carrier, stroller, or car seat. Limit any activity that could be too rough or bouncy.
• Avoid rough play with newborns, such as jiggling them on the knee or throwing them in the air.

skin-to-skin contact with your baby:

• Avoid using scented perfumes or lotions and stay away from cigarette smoke beforehand.
• Find a comfortable seat in a dimly-lit room. Wear a shirt that opens in the front. Lay your baby in just a diaper on your bare chest.
• Sit quietly, talk softly, hum, sing, or read aloud. Your baby may sleep during this time.

Umbilical cord care: Clean around the cord stump with plain water and blot dry until the stump dries up and falls off, usually in 10 days to 3 weeks. Don’t let the belly button area soak in water until the stump falls off and the area heals. Before the cord stump falls off, it will change color from yellow to brown or black — this is normal. Call your doctor if the area looks red, has a bad odor, or has discharge.

Feeding your newborn

your baby may show you they’re hungry by crying, putting fingers in their mouth, or making sucking noises. A newborn baby needs to be fed every 2–3 hours.

Breastfed babies are probably getting enough to eat if they:

• seem satisfied
• have about 6 wet diapers and several poops a day
• sleep well
• gain weight regularly

Baby’s Sleep

You may be surprised to learn that newborns sleep about 16 hours or more. They typically sleep for periods of 2–4 hours. Many babies sleep through the night (between 6–8 hours) at 3 months of age, but if yours doesn’t, it’s not a cause for concern. Like adults, babies develop their own sleep patterns and cycles.

Change the position of your baby’s head from night to night (first right, then left, and so on). This helps prevent a flat spot from developing on one side of the head.

Diaper My Baby

Whether you use cloth or disposable diapers, your little one will dirty them about 10 times a day, which is about 70 times a week. When diapering your baby:

• Have all the supplies you need within reach.
• Wipe your baby front to back gently using water, cotton balls, and a washcloth or wipes.
• Apply diaper cream if needed to treat diaper rash.
• Wash your hands before and after changing the diaper.

Conclusion

Before long, you’ll have a routine and be parenting like a pro. If you have questions or concerns, talk with your doctor. They can recommend resources that can help.

DR. A. VALLIYAPPAN MBBS., DNB

PAEDIATRICS

DR. M. KAUSALYA DNB(PAEDIATRIC)

PAEDIATRICS

• Choose air-conditioned or well-screened accommodations since dengue-carrying mosquitoes are most active from dawn to dusk, and they can bite at night.
• Wear protective clothing like long-sleeved shirts, long pants, socks, and closed-toe shoes when entering mosquito-infested areas.
• Apply mosquito repellent to your skin, with at least a 10% DEET concentration. Permethrin can be used on clothing, camping gear, and bed netting. There are also clothing items pre-treated with permethrin.
• Use screens on windows and doors, ensuring there are no holes to prevent mosquitoes from entering.
To prevent mosquitoes from laying eggs near water sources:
• Weekly, empty, scrub, turn over, cover, or dispose of items that hold water, such as tires, buckets, planters, toys, pools, birdbaths, flowerpots, or trash containers.
• Regularly inspect both indoor and outdoor areas for containers that may collect water.

For babies and children:
• Apply insect repellent to your hands and then gently apply it to the child’s face.
• Dress children in clothing that covers their arms and legs.
• Use mosquito netting to cover strollers and baby carriers.
Always adhere to the label instructions when using insect repellent. Do not use products containing oil of lemon eucalyptus (OLE) or para-menthane-diol (PMD) on children under 3 years old. Avoid applying repellent to sensitive areas, including hands, eyes, mouth, cuts, or irritated skin.

Regarding symptoms:
• Dengue symptoms often mimic other illnesses and typically appear 4 to 10 days after a mosquito bite.
• Symptoms include high fever, headache, muscle and joint pain, nausea, vomiting, eye pain, swollen glands, and rash.
• While most people recover within a week, severe dengue can occur, leading to complications like internal bleeding and organ failure.
In some cases, symptoms worsen and can become life-threatening. This is called severe dengue, dengue hemorrhagic fever or dengue shock syndrome.

Warning signs of severe dengue:
A life-threatening condition, can develop suddenly and include severe stomach pain, persistent vomiting, bleeding from gums or nose, blood in urine, stools, or vomit, skin bleeding resembling bruising, rapid breathing, fatigue, and irritability.

When to see your doctor:
If you experience these warning signs after being in a dengue-prone area, seek immediate medical attention. For mild symptoms, especially after recent travel to a dengue-endemic region, contact your doctor.

In conclusion, raising awareness through health education is a crucial tool in the fight against dengue. Informing the public about dengue in detail is vital for the effective implementation of dengue control programs. This awareness can be achieved through audiovisual media and mass awareness campaigns.

DR. SASI KUPPUSAMY MD., DNB

FAMILY MEDICINE

What is a Heart Attack?
A heart attack is a medical emergency condition. It usually occurs when there is some obstruction in blood flow to the heart. As blood also carries oxygen with it, the heart muscles begin to die during a heart attack. But if intercepted earlier, the doctors can minimize the damage to heart muscles.

Why are heart attacks at young ages rising these days?
Lifestyle factors, diet, and genetic issues are leading to an increased incidence of heart attacks in the 30s and 40s. Increased stress, is another risk factor that has become a major reason for a heart attack.

What are the most common risk factors for heart attacks?/ What can we do to prevent the risk of getting a heart attack?

High Blood Pressure
It may be hereditary or may be due to other diseases (secondary hypertension). In most cases, lifestyle changes can help to control high blood pressure.
► Routine Management of your bp

Cholesterol
With high cholesterol levels, fatty plaque build-up begins, which may cause the narrowing of vessels carrying blood to the heart (atherosclerosis). With time atherosclerosis may lead to heart disease.
► Monitor your blood pressure, blood sugar, and blood cholesterol levels at regular intervals.

Diabetes
Patients with diabetes are also more likely to have other chronic health diseases that significantly increase the risk of a heart attack, including high blood pressure and high cholesterol.
► Routine health check-ups

Smoking and tobacco consumption
Nicotine (an active ingredient in tobacco) narrows the blood vessels and puts an additional burden on the heart.
► Quit alcohol consumption
► Quit tobacco intake in any form

Obesity
Obesity is one of the major causes of heart disease. Obese individuals require more blood to supply oxygen increasing blood pressure. High blood pressure can lead to a heart attack.
► Heart-friendly diet and reduce intake of processed food

Exercise
Unfortunately, many youngsters are reluctant to exercise because they think they don’t have enough time after work. Much of the rise in heart attacks at a young age can be attributed to lifestyle changes, like:
Too little or too much exercise is another reason
More time sitting in front of a computer screen or with mobile phones
Decreased physical activity (particularly cardio).
► Exercise more, Cardiovascular exercises such as jogging, brisk walking, swimming, dancing, skipping rope any exercise that makes your heart rate go up.

Family history of heart attacks
If a brother, sister, parent, or grandparent had an early heart attack (by age 55 for males and by age 65 for females), you might be at increased risk.

Manage stress
Identify an activity that helps to calm your mind and spend more time doing it.
► Breathing exercises and yoga help to lower stress levels.
► Talk to loved ones, bring a pet home or go on nature walks.
► Identify activities that increase stress and avoid them.
► Instead of browsing through social media before going to bed, consider reading books for half an hour to relax the mind and the body.

Conclusion
Make yourself aware of the signs and symptoms of heart disease.
At the end of the day, it’s important to understand the different heart attack risk factors high blood pressure, waist circumference, & unhealthy BMI and work to correct them.

Dr. K. Karthik MD., DNB

CARDIOLOGY

Dr. A. Eswaran MD.,DNB

CARDIOLOGY

COMMON SYMPTOMS THAT NEED ATTENTION

1. Red Rashes – Small red pin-pointed freckles
2. Diaper Rashes – Occurs especially in diaper areas
3. Scalp Patches – Inborn white scales-like patches

TIPS FOR HEALTHY BABY SKIN

Baby skin is far more delicate and sensitive than adult skin. Additionally, during the first few months, your baby’s skin frequently remains soft and smooth. But caring for your baby’s skin can be a difficult task. However, every parent should make significant efforts to guarantee the long-term health of their child’s skin. In case you’re not aware, natural infant skin care is essential to prevent skin irritability and other related issues. Listed below are a few tips to care for your baby’s skin

1. Identifying the baby’s skin type
2. Regular massages
3. Usage of natural oils
4. Use Cotton materials
5. Usage of sunscreen
6. Moisturizing the skin
7. Use gentle diapers
8. Take tests on allergies

 THINGS TO BE AVOIDED

Despite the fact that every infant is different, it’s crucial to keep some substances out of products that your child consumes regularly. These consist of substances that could irritate the skin, trigger allergies, and even be absorbed through the skin.

1. Avoid Fragrance
2. Colour additives 
3. Chemical Sunscreen or Moisturizer
4. Avoid Parabens and Sulphates
5. Products with Formaldehyde and alcohol

SUMMER SKIN CARE

Babies and adults alike must endure the harshness of summer. Even if you keep them safe by covering them and keeping them indoors, the weather does have an impact on their skin. Because of the heat and subsequent skincare problems, many babies get grumpy and irritable during the summer. We must make sure kids are comfortable on hot days because they are dependent on their parents. Here are some tips to keep your baby’s skin healthy during summer:

1. Keep your baby hydrated internally and externally
2. Use breathable fabrics
3. Give them a chemical free bath
4. Use talc-free powder

The above-mentioned points should be noticed while taking care of your child’s skin. If there are severe symptoms consult a dermatologist and take precautions accordingly. Don’t follow home remedies before the consultation of a doctor.

Dr. Vaishnavi MBBS., D.DVL

DERMATOLOGY & COSMETOLOGY

Issues when something occupies its cavity and duct—like a gallstone.

 Signs and Symptoms of Gallstones

• Gallstones can lead to pain in the upper right abdomen or the center of your stomach.
• You may experience gallbladder pain from time to time after you eat foods that are high in fat, such as fried foods, but the pain can occur at almost any time.
• High temperature
• Rapid heartbeat
• Yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes (jaundice)
• Itchy skin
• Diarrhea
• Chills
• A loss of appetite

Diet and Foods to Eat in Moderation

• Eat Unrefined whole grains – whole wheat or multigrain bread, brown rice, oatmeal etc.
• intake of healthy fats, like fish oil, and olive oil, which may help your gallbladder contract and empty on a regular basis.
• Eat the proper amount of fiber per day
• Get some sort of physical activity every day.
• Keep yourself properly hydrated.
• If you plan to lose weight, do it slowly. Rapid weight loss may increase your risk of gallstones and other health problems.

Prevention

While there is no foolproof way to completely prevent gallstones, cholesterol seems to play a major role in their formation. If you have a family history of gallstones, your doctor may advise you to limit foods with a high saturated fat content. Some of these foods include:

• Fatty meat, like sausage and bacon
• cakes and cookies
• Cream and certain cheeses

Health tip: Because people living with obesity are more predisposed to gallstones, keep your weight within a specific BMI.

Risk factors for gallstones 

some risk factors for gallstones are related to diet, while other factors are not as controllable. Uncontrollable risk factors are things like age, race, sex, and family history.

Lifestyle risk factors

• Living with obesity
• A diet high in fat or cholesterol and low in fiber
• Undergoing rapid weight loss
• Living with type 2 diabetes

Genetic risk factors

Having a family history of gallstones

Medical risk factors

While some medications may increase your risk of gallstones, don’t stop taking them unless you have discussed them with your doctor and have their approval.